{"id":85,"date":"2020-05-11T12:16:36","date_gmt":"2020-05-11T12:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/?p=85"},"modified":"2021-08-13T09:47:09","modified_gmt":"2021-08-13T09:47:09","slug":"the-ancients-sleeping-fishes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/the-ancients-sleeping-fishes\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ancients: Sleeping Fishes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This is the seventh part of The Ancients, a series of posts which, by this time, I\u2019m pretty sure all you natural history lovers know and love, so I\u2019ll get straight to the point. Check out parts 1-6 before this one!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a>Quick info:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Name: Devonian<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Period: 419.2-358.9 m.y.a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Average Temperature: 20 Celsius<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atmospheric oxygen: 15%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"392\" height=\"227\" src=\"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sleeping-Fishes.jpg\" alt=\"sleeping fishes\" class=\"wp-image-86\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sleeping-Fishes.jpg 392w, https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sleeping-Fishes-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sleeping-Fishes-360x208.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>After\nthe boom of land plants in the Silurian, everything was looking good. The\nDevonian was pretty warm overall, with a few glaciations here and there.\nWeather was hot and dry, weirdly, and the islands were starting to join\ntogether, which would soon result in a supercontinent (But I\u2019m not the one to\ngive spoilers). Fish started migrating from the South to what would eventually\nbecome North America and Europe. The climate back then was pretty messed up\nthough; Canada; the snowy, frozen Canada that we all know, used to be\nequatorial. That means HOT. And HUMID. Basically, the polar opposite of Canada.\nAnyways, forests were starting to grow in Canada, and everything was calm.\nUntil the MASS EXTINCTION which DESTROYED nearly 75% of ALL LIFE. ALL. LIFE.\nBut we\u2019ll get to that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The\nLate Devonian Extinction was one of the five major extinction events that have\noccurred in the Earth\u2019s history. It consisted of two parts: the Kellwaser and\nthe Hangenberg events. It mostly affected marine life, completely wiping out\nmany major fish groups and devastating coral and invertebrates. It also\ndestroyed 97% of all vertebrae species. (which set the world back MAJORLY,\nsince backbones were like, the next evolution.) After this event, most fish\nbarely exceeded 10 CENTIMETERS, and the biggest were sharks that were only a\nMETER long, and it would take almost 10 MILLION YEARS before they got bigger.\nHowever, this extinction cleared the way for modern aquatic vertebrates, like\namphibians. Why did this extinction happen? We don\u2019t know, but there are a few\ntheories. One, it was an asteroid that killed everything, like the dinosaurs.\nSecond, the change in plants caused an excess of nutrients in the water, \n \n \nwhich led algae\nand moss to grow on the surface of the water, which killed everything due to\nlack of oxygen in the water. Third, the reduction of carbon dioxide due to,\nwell, PLANTS, lead to global cooling which killed everything. (I think I\u2019m\nstarting to see a pattern here.) The last, is that volcanoes killed everything.\nPretty self-explanatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Life\nwas spread between land plants and fish, with a few amphibians mixed in here\nand there. Plants evolved actual leaves and roots and diversified. There\nwere so many fish, that this eon is nicknamed \u2018The Age of Fish\u2019. The ancestors\nof back-boned animals began to evolve to walk on land. A great,\nthousand-kilometer long, barrier reef used to exist in what is now the Kimberly\nbasin, in North-west Australia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Prototaxites<\/em>\nwere lichen that formed tall, trunk-like structures, and appeared in the Late\nSilurian. <em>Wattieza is<\/em> the oldest genus of tree that was closely related\nto ferns and horsetails. <em>Archaeopteris <\/em>(not the prehistoric bird, that\u2019s\n<em>Archaeopter<strong>yx<\/strong><\/em>) was a genus of tree with fern-like leaves, which\ngrew next to rivers. It is the ancestor of gymnosperm trees (basically trees\nwith pinecones). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For fish, <em>Tiktaalik<\/em> was\nrepresentative of the transition from aquatic to terrestrial animals, adapting\nto oxygen-poor water. <em>Ichthyostega <\/em>was one of the first tetrapod\n(mammal, reptile, bird, amphibian). It lived in swamps and had lungs and limbs\nwhich let it navigate shallow water. It also had gills and a fish-like tail. <em>Materpisces<\/em>,\na peculiar species, known only from one specimen, found nearby Western\nAustralia. From the specimen, scientists saw that it had an unborn embryo\npreserved, along with a placenta-like structure. This shows that <em>Materpiscis\nattenboroughi<\/em>, named in the honour of David Attenborough, was the oldest\nknown animal which gave live birth. <em>Bothriolepis<\/em> was a widespread genus\nof placoderms, which fed on algae and micro-organisms. <em>Cladoselache<\/em> was\none of the earliest known shark groups and were fast predators. Unlike most\nsharks, they had short, rounded, mouths. Another tetrapod was <em>Acanthostega<\/em>,\nwhich had 8 digits on its four limbs, linked by webbing. It also lived in\nswamps. Lastly, <em>Dunkleosteus<\/em> was a hypercarnivorous placoderm with an\narmored exterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sorry this blog was longer than\nusual. As we go on, there\u2019ll be more to talk about. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shaurya Prasad\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Grade 7A\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the seventh part of The Ancients, a series of posts which, by this time, I\u2019m pretty sure all you natural history lovers know and love, so I\u2019ll get straight to the point. Check out parts 1-6 before this <a href=\"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/the-ancients-sleeping-fishes\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Ancients: Sleeping Fishes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This is the seventh part of The Ancients, a series of posts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bvrtse.in\/blog\/the-ancients-sleeping-fishes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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